Modification of proteins by the small ubiquitinrelated modifier sumo is critical in a range of cellular physiological processes. We combine protein signatures from a number of member databases into a single searchable resource, capitalising on their individual strengths to produce a powerful integrated database and diagnostic tool. The small ubiquitinlike modifier sumo protein modification. Rcsb pdb gene view sumo1 small ubiquitinlike modifier 1. Posttranslational modification by the small ubiquitin. We and others have previously demonstrated that hypoxia alters the profile of sumomodified proteins 2, 14, 16. What does small ubiquitinrelated modifier proteins mean. Ubiquitinlike modifiers ubls and regulators research areas. Jul 10, 1998 the recently discovered small ubiquitin related modifier sumo1 belongs to the growing family of ubiquitin related proteins involved in postranslational protein modification. The small ubiquitinlike modifier sumo protein modification system in arabidopsis accumulation of sumo1 and 2 conjugates is increased by stress. The exact length and mass varies between sumo family members and depends on which organism the protein comes from.
Small ubiquitinrelated modifier sumo1 promotes glycolysis. This posttranslational modification on lysine residues of. In other cases modification occurs at nonconsensus sites. The consequences of sumo1 modification include the regulation of proteinprotein interactions, proteindna interactions, and protein subcellular localization. Ubiquitinlike protein which can be covalently attached to target lysines either as a monomer or as a lysinelinked polymer.
Sumo and ubiquitindependent xpc exchange drives nucleotide. Definition of small ubiquitinrelated modifier in the dictionary. This posttranslational modification on lysine residues of proteins. Apr 29, 2015 video shows what small ubiquitin related modifier means. This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the sumo small ubiquitinlike modifier protein family. Sumo1 is an ubiquitin related protein that is covalently conjugated to a diverse assortment of proteins. Multiple ubiquitin like proteins ubls are conserved throughout eukaryotes whose functions are largely unknown, examples include. Interpro provides functional analysis of proteins by classifying them into families and predicting domains and important sites. Following uv irradiation xpc is not only modified by ubiquitin, but also by the small ubiquitin like modifier sumo 18,19,20 in a ddb2 and xpadependent manner 19,20, which was shown to protect. Structure determination of the small ubiquitinrelated. Small ubiquitinrelated modifier1 sumo1 modification. Small ubiquitinrelated modifier1 modification mediates resolution of crebdependent responses to hypoxia.
Global identification of small ubiquitinrelated modifier sumo. Whereas most of these studies were performed in vitro or in single cells, plants provide an excellent system to study the. The small ubiquitinlike modifier sumo and sumoconjugating. N2 sumo small ubiquitin related modifier is a small protein that covalently attaches to a lysine residue of another protein in a reversible fashion. Small ubiquitinlikerelated modifier definition of small. An essential role of small ubiquitinlike modifier sumo. Aug 23, 2018 ubiquitin is the most widely recognised posttranslation modifier that bonds to proteins, marking them for degradation in the proteasome. Attachment of small ubiquitin like modifiers sumos to target proteins is a type of ptm.
Sumo2 small ubiquitinrelated modifier 2 precursor mus. Here we show that the sumo conjugation system operates in plants through a characterization of thearabidopsis sumo pathway. The sumo1conjugating e2 enzyme ubc9 is known to interact with the glucocorticoid receptor gr, a liganddependent transcription factor. The successful creation of new, healthy cells relies on proper function of replication protein complexes, which must have. Ubiquitinlike modifiers ubls and regulators although ubiquitin is the most well understood posttranslation modifier, there is a growing family of ubiquitinlike proteins ubls that modify cellular targets in a pathway that is parallel to but distinct from that of ubiquitin. Pdf small ubiquitinrelated modifier sumo1 promotes. Atlas of genetics and cytogenetics in oncology and haematology home genes leukemias solid tumors cancerprone deep insight case reports journals portal teaching. Small ubiquitinrelated modifier1 modification mediates resolution. In contrast to ubiquitin, sumo is involved in the stabilization and localization of proteins in vivo. Diseases associated with sumo1 include orofacial cleft 10 and cleft lip. Definition of small ubiquitinrelated modifier proteins in the dictionary. Pdf small ubiquitinlike modifier sumo in the viral world. Unlike ubiquitin, sumo1 does not appear to target proteins for degradation but seems to be involved in the modulation of proteinprotein interactions. Small ubiquitinlike modifiers and other ubiquitinlike.
The small ubiquitin related modifier sumo posttranslationally modifies many proteins with roles in diverse processes including regulation of transcription, chromatin structure, and dna repair. As a member of the wwpdb, the rcsb pdb curates and annotates pdb data according to agreed upon standards. Sumoylation is a posttranslational modification involved in various cellular processes, such as nuclearcytosolic transport, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, protein stability, response to stress, and. Small ubiquitinrelated modifier sumo binding determines substrate recognition and paralogselective sumo modification. The recently discovered small ubiquitin related modifier sumo1 belongs to the growing family of ubiquitin related proteins involved in postranslational protein modification. Small ubiquitinrelated modifier 1 sumo1 is covalently attached to many cellular targets to regulate proteinprotein and proteindna interactions, as well as localization and stability of the target protein. Siz1 small ubiquitin like modifier e3 ligase facilitates basal thermotolerance in arabidopsis independent of salicylic acid chan yul yoo, kenji miura, jing bo jin, jiyoung lee, hyeong cheol park, david e. Related analyses revealed multiple potential ubiquitin genes along with two rub1 genes and one ufm1 gene in the c. The pdb archive contains information about experimentallydetermined structures of proteins, nucleic acids, and complex assemblies. It utilizes a small ubiquitin related modifier sumo fusion, belonging to the growing family of ubiquitin related proteins, to enhance the solubility of expressed fusion proteins.
Senp2 is a potential therapeutic target in skeletal muscle regeneration. Although sumo has very little sequence identity with ubiquitin at the amino acid level, it has a nearly identical structural fold. Small ubiquitin like modifiers sumos are a family of small, related proteins that can be enzymatically attached to a target protein by a posttranslational modification process termed sumoylation. Sumo2 small ubiquitinrelated modifier 2 precursor homo. Ubiquitin like protein that can be covalently attached to proteins as a monomer or a lysinelinked polymer. Small ubiquitinrelated modifier sumo binding determines substrate recognition and paralogselective sumo modification jianmei zhu, shanshan zhu, catherine m. Small ubiquitin related modifiers sumos regulate diverse cellular processes through their covalent attachment to target proteins. Like ubiquitin, the sumo proteins are protein modifiers that are covalently attached to the. The role of small ubiquitinlike modifiers and sumo.
Recent data support that sumoylation, the covalent attachment of the small ubiquitinrelated modifier sumo to proteins, is involved in the activation of the hypoxic response and the ensuing. Dec 01, 2007 read small ubiquitin like modifier 1 sumo1 modification of thymidylate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase, clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine cclm on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. However, unlike ubiquitin, which targets proteins for degradation, this protein is involved in a variety of cellular processes, such as nuclear. A growing list of transcription factors has been shown to be posttranslationally modified by conjugation to the small ubiquitinrelated modifier, sumo. Covalent attachment via an isopeptide bond to its substrates requires prior activation by the e1 complex sae1sae2 and linkage to the e2 enzyme ube2i, and can be promoted by an e3 ligase such as pias14, ranbp2, cbx4 or znf451 pubmed. The threedimensional structure of sumo and ubiquitin ub are superimposable although there is very little similarity in their primary amino acid sequences. Small ubiquitin like modifier sumo, membraneanchored ub fold mub, homology to ub hub, ubfold modifier ufm, and ubiquitin related modifier urm. Sumo small ubiquitinlike modifier enzo life sciences. Mar 03, 2000 functional heterogeneity of small ubiquitin related protein modifiers sumo1 versus sumo23. However, there are many other proteins that have similar.
Small ubiquitin like related modifier synonyms, small ubiquitin like related modifier pronunciation, small ubiquitin like related modifier translation, english dictionary definition of small ubiquitin like related modifier. Functional heterogeneity of small ubiquitinrelated protein. Small ubiquitin like modifier or sumo proteins are a family of small proteins that are covalently attached to and detached from other proteins in cells to modify their function. Like ubiquitin, sumo is a small polypeptide mature sumo1 comprises 97 amino acids that is covalently attached to lysine residues in substrate proteins 1. The role of small ubiquitin like modifiers and sumointeracting motifs in replication stress. One way replication proteins chemically communicate is through posttranslational modifications ptms in which their functions are altered by the attachment and removal of chemical groups or small peptide chains. A universal strategy for proteomic studies of sumo and other. Covalent attachment via an isopeptide bond to its substrates requires prior activation by the e1 complex sae1sae2 and linkage to the e2 enzyme ube2i, and can be promoted by e3 ligases such as pias14, ranbp2 or cbx4. Analysis of small ubiquitinlike modifier sumo targets. Sumo1 small ubiquitinrelated modifier 1 precursor homo. Sentrin small ubiquitin like modifier sumospecific protease 2 senp2 has broad desumoylation activities in vitro, which is essential for embryonic heart development. Covalent attachment via an isopeptide bond to its substrates requires prior activation by the e1 complex sae1sae2 and linkage to the e2 enzyme ube2i, and can be promoted by an e3 ligase such as pias14, ranbp2 or cbx4. Small ubiquitin like modifier sumo in the viral world. Siz1 small ubiquitinlike modifier e3 ligase facilitates.
Ubiquitin like protein that can be covalently attached to proteins as a monomer or as a lysinelinked polymer. Small ubiquitin related modifier 1 sumo1 is covalently attached to many cellular targets to regulate proteinprotein and proteindna interactions, as well as localization and stability of the. New insights into the role of the small ubiquitinlike. Ubiquitinlike protein that can be covalently attached to proteins as a monomer or a lysinelinked polymer. It functions in a manner similar to ubiquitin in that it is bound to target proteins as part of a posttranslational modification system.
Sumo3 small ubiquitinrelated modifier 3 precursor homo. Small ubiquitinrelated modifier sumo binding determines. Champion pet expression with sumo tag enables highlevel. All sumo proteins share a conserved ubiquitin domain and a cterminal diglycine cleavageattachment site. Similar to nonproteolytic roles of ubiquitin, sumo modification regulates protein localization and activity. Global identification of small ubiquitinrelated modifier sumo substrates reveals crosstalk between sumoylation and phosphorylation. Posttranslational modification of proteins by small ubiquitinlike modifier sumo has received much attention, reflected by a flood of recent studies implicating sumo in a wide range of cellular and molecular activities, many of which are conserved throughout eukaryotes. Wilson posttranslational modification by the conjugation of small ubiquitinlike modifiers is an essential mechanism to affect protein function. A universal strategy for proteomic studies of sumo and other ubiquitinlike modifiers s germa. S mall u biquitin like mo difier sumo is a member of the superfamily of ubiquitin like polypeptides that become covalently attached to various intracellular target proteins as a way to alter their function, location, andor halflife. Meaning of small ubiquitinrelated modifier proteins. Sumo1 small ubiquitin like modifier 1 is a protein coding gene. This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the sumo small ubiquitin like modifier protein family. In the current study, we have demonstrated that hypoxia increases sumo1 modification of.
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